Part I sets up the misery of Winston’s world before he outwardly expresses any sort of rebellion. Winston Smith is living in London, chief city of Airstrip One (formerly known as England), in the superstate of Oceania. It is‹he thinks‹1984. Oceania is a totalitarian state dominated by the principles of Ingsoc (English Socialism) and ruled…

Edgar Allan Poe For the most wild, yet most homely narrative which I am about to pen, I neither expect nor solicit belief. Mad indeed would I be to expect it, in a case where my very senses reject their own evidence. Yet, mad am I not – and very surely do I not dream.…

OUR FIRST WORDS Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a ch0ild can be starved and damaged at a critical period of life. In the thirteenth century, Frederic II made a frightening experiment to find an answer to this question. He was hoping to discover what language a child would speak if…

ARTS OR SCIENCE? Intelligent young people want to go to university, and it is logical for a country to provide university places for them to ensure that there will be well-trained men and women to run the government and industry in the future. So in the 1960’s the government set up a number of new…

SPAS: GOOD OR BAD? Water is the oldest treatment  in medical history. It has been used for its healing properties since the eadiest days by men and women to sooth and heal the injured and hurting parts of their bodies. Thus, their ill bodies feel better and also more relatxed.. Today, spa resorts  which use…

  In the middle of the Pacific Ocean, thousands of miles from the nearest mainland, lie the islands of Polynesiae On some of the islands, there are ancient roads and buildings. These show that there have been ancient civilizations on the island. The most mysterious of the Polynesian Islands is Easter Island, where there are…

ACID RAIN According to some scientists, one of the most serious problems for the environment is acid rain. Acid rain is caused mainly by power plants that burn coal to produce electricity. The smoke from these power plants contains acidic substances which later fall back to earth in rain or snow. As a result, the…